Bibliography

Sources cited in the Endnotes, alphabetized by the short form used there.

16 U.S.C. § 4304, § 4306. Federal Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988, sections on confidentiality of cave location and on prohibited acts and penalties. United States Code, Title 16.

16 U.S.C. § 470ee. Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, prohibited acts and criminal penalties. United States Code, Title 16.

3 CSR 10-5.205. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-5.205, “Permits Required; Exceptions.” Code of State Regulations, Title 3, Department of Conservation, Division 10, Conservation Commission, chapter 5. Amended effective August 30, 2025; Secretary of State edition of July 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-5.340. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-5.340, Resident Fishing Permit (with 5.440, Daily Fishing Permit, and 5.540, Nonresident Fishing Permit). Code of State Regulations, chapter 5. Amended effective January 1, 2026.

3 CSR 10-6.410. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-6.410, fishing methods (setlines, hooks, labeling and spearguns). Code of State Regulations, chapter 6. Secretary of State edition of January 29, 2025.

3 CSR 10-6.505. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-6.505, “Black Bass.” Code of State Regulations, chapter 6. Last amended effective April 30, 2026; Secretary of State edition of March 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-6.530. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-6.530, “Goggle-eye and Warmouth.” Code of State Regulations, chapter 6. Secretary of State edition of March 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-6.550. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-6.550, “Other Fish” (nongame fish: seasons, methods and limits for gigging, snagging, snaring, grabbing, bowfishing and pole and line). Code of State Regulations, chapter 6. Amended effective February 28, 2025; Secretary of State edition of March 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-6.605. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-6.605, “Live Bait.” Code of State Regulations, chapter 6. Effective August 30, 2021.

3 CSR 10-6.615. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-6.615, “Bullfrogs and Green Frogs.” Code of State Regulations, chapter 6. Effective April 30, 2009; Secretary of State edition of March 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-7.405. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-7.405, general provisions for hunting (taking wildlife from or across a public roadway). Code of State Regulations, chapter 7. Secretary of State edition of July 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-7.410. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-7.410, hunting methods (motor-driven conveyances). Code of State Regulations, chapter 7. Secretary of State edition of July 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-7.431. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-7.431, deer hunting seasons: general provisions (methods and hunter orange). Code of State Regulations, chapter 7. Secretary of State edition of July 31, 2026.

3 CSR 10-8.510. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-8.510, “Use of Traps.” Code of State Regulations, chapter 8. Effective June 30, 2022; Secretary of State edition of February 28, 2026.

3 CSR 10-8.515. Missouri Wildlife Code, 3 CSR 10-8.515, furbearers: trapping seasons. Code of State Regulations, chapter 8. Amended effective April 1, 2026; Secretary of State edition of February 28, 2026.

32 Fed. Reg. 4001. U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of the Secretary. “Native Fish and Wildlife: Endangered Species.” Federal Register 32 (March 11, 1967): 4001. The first federal list of endangered species under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966.

36 C.F.R. § 1.4. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, definitions (“vessel”).

36 C.F.R. § 1.5(f). Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, closures and public use limits.

36 C.F.R. § 2.1. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, preservation of natural, cultural and archeological resources.

36 C.F.R. § 2.10. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, camping and food storage.

36 C.F.R. § 2.14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, sanitation and refuse.

36 C.F.R. § 2.15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, pets.

36 C.F.R. § 2.35. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, alcoholic beverages and controlled substances.

36 C.F.R. § 3.10. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, operating a vessel under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

36 C.F.R. § 4.10. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, National Park Service, travel on park roads and designated routes.

36 C.F.R. § 7.83. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, sec. 7.83, Ozark National Scenic Riverways: motorized vessels, scuba diving, commercial activities, fishing and the taking of frogs, turtles and crayfish. Text in force from January 11, 2024 (88 Fed. Reg. 86050), current as of October 8, 2026.

36 C.F.R. § 7.83(a). Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, sec. 7.83(a), Ozark National Scenic Riverways: restrictions on motorized vessels. Text in force before the 2024 rule, as amended at 56 Fed. Reg. 30694–96 (July 5, 1991), effective August 5, 1991; replaced by 88 Fed. Reg. 86050, effective January 11, 2024.

40 C.F.R. § 131.12. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of Environment, antidegradation policy and implementation methods.

54 U.S.C. § 306108. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, section 106, effect of undertaking on historic property. United States Code, Title 54.

88 Fed. Reg. 86050. National Park Service. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways; Motorized Vessels.” Final rule, 36 C.F.R. part 7. Federal Register 88 (December 12, 2023): 86050.

AARoads 2026. AARoads. Missouri state highway history compilation, giving for each route the years of the first and last official state highway maps on which it appears, 2026.

Alexander and Wilson 1995. Alexander, Terry W., and Gary L. Wilson. Technique for Estimating the 2- to 500-Year Flood Discharges on Unregulated Streams in Rural Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4231. Rolla, Mo., 1995.

Aley 2000. Aley, Tom. “Karst Groundwater.” Missouri Conservationist 61, no. 3 (March 2000). Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.

Ann Arbor Argus 1898. “Escaped Murderer Recaptured.” Ann Arbor Argus, February 18, 1898. Ann Arbor District Library.

Associated Press 2016. “US Law Credited for Southern Missouri’s Wild Horse Ranks.” Associated Press wire story, Eminence, Mo., August 2016.

Bailey 2010. Bailey, Garrick, ed. and trans. Traditions of the Osage: Stories Collected and Translated by Francis La Flesche. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2010.

Baird 1972. Baird, W. David. The Osage People. Phoenix: Indian Tribal Series, 1972.

Bangor Daily News 2018. Bayly, Julia. “Sue Hubbell, Milbridge Essayist Known for Writing about Beekeeping, Dies at 83.” Bangor Daily News (Bangor, Maine), October 20, 2018.

Barks 1978. Barks, James H. Water Quality in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2048. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978.

Barnhart and Roberts 1996. Barnhart, Chris, and Andy Roberts. “When Clams Go Fishing.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), February 1996.

Beeson, McCoy and Keen-Zebert 2017. Beeson, Helen W., Scott W. McCoy and Amanda Keen-Zebert. “Geometric Disequilibrium of River Basins Produces Long-Lived Transient Landscapes.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 475 (2017): 34–43.

BGN 2016. U.S. Board on Geographic Names, Domestic Names Committee. Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names. Version 2.3. Reston, Va.: U.S. Board on Geographic Names, December 2016. Chapter 5, “Genitive apostrophes,” p. 50.

Blevins 2021. Blevins, Brooks. A History of the Ozarks. Vol. 3, The Ozarkers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021. Cited by chapter from the electronic edition.

BnF, “Josiah Bridge.” Bibliothèque nationale de France. Authority record 15607557, “Bridge, Josiah (1890–1953).”

Bortle 2001. Bortle, John E. Article introducing the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale. Sky & Telescope (Sky Publishing, Cambridge, Mass.), February 2001.

Bowles and Dodd 2016. Bowles, David E., and Hope R. Dodd. Aquatic Vegetation Monitoring in Springs at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 2007–2015. Natural Resource Data Series NPS/OZAR/NRDS—2016/1044. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, 2016.

Bowles and others 2011. Bowles, David E., and others. Spring Communities Monitoring at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri: 2007–2009 Status Report. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/OZAR/NRTR—2011/511. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, December 2011.

Bowles, Morrison and Cribbs 2018. Bowles, David E., Lloyd W. Morrison and J. Tyler Cribbs. “Aquatic Invertebrate Community Structure, Biological Condition, Habitat, and Water Quality at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, 2005–2014.” Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 72 (2018): 67–78.

Boyles and others 2011. Boyles, Justin G., Paul M. Cryan, Gary F. McCracken and Thomas H. Kunz. “Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture.” Science 332, no. 6025 (2011): 41–42.

Bretz 1956. Bretz, J Harlen. Caves of Missouri. Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, vol. 39, 2nd series. Rolla, 1956.

Bretz 1965. Bretz, J Harlen. Geomorphic History of the Ozarks of Missouri. Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, vol. 41, 2nd series. Rolla, 1965.

Bridge 1930. Bridge, Josiah. Geology of the Eminence and Cardareva Quadrangles. Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 24, 2nd series. Rolla, 1930.

Briggler 2004. Briggler, Jeff. “What’s Hurting Our Hellbenders?” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), June 2004.

Brown 1969. Brown, Lenard E. History Basic Data, Ozark National Scenic Riverways (Dent, Shannon and Carter Counties). Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, Division of History, 1969.

Brown and Marshak 2004. Brown, Sarah R., and Stephen Marshak. “Process and Timing of Uplift in the Ozark Plateau, Missouri.” Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 36, no. 5 (2004): 426.

Bullard 2026. Bullard, Loring. “Night on the Jacks Fork: A Premier Outdoor Experience.” Photographs by Dan Zarlenga. Missouri Conservationist 87, no. 6 (June 2026): 16–21.

Burns 2004. Burns, Louis F. A History of the Osage People. 2nd ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2004.

Callender 1978. Callender, Charles. “Shawnee.” In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 15, Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, 622–35. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. Cited as quoted in Zedeño and Basaldú 2003.

Callison 1946. Callison, Charles H. “How Good Were the Good Old Days—And What Became of Them?” Missouri Conservationist, August 1946. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991 and Hall 1969.

Carey 1994. Carey, Ken. Flat Rock Journal: A Day in the Ozark Mountains. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994.

Carrell, May and Garrison 1980. Carrell, Toni L., J. Alan May and Ervan G. Garrison. National Reservoir Inundation Study Research at Round Spring and Alley Spring, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, 1980.

Chapman 1980. Chapman, Carl H. The Archaeology of Missouri, II. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1980.

Chapman and Chapman 1983. Chapman, Carl H., and Eleanor F. Chapman. Indians and Archaeology of Missouri. Rev. ed. Missouri Handbook 6. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1983.

Christian Post 2013. “National Park Service Denies It’s Anti-Christian, Says Limits on Baptism Unintentional.” Christian Post, August 2013.

Clendenen 1973. Clendenen, Harbert Leslie. “Settlement Morphology of the Southern Courtois Hills, Missouri, 1820–1860.” Ph.D. diss., Louisiana State University, 1973. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991.

Colatskie 2023. Colatskie, Shelly. “Missouri Caves.” Missouri Conservationist, March 2023.

Cooperman 2023. Cooperman, Jeannette. “The Cross Country Trail Ride in Eminence, Missouri, Offers a Glimpse into the Western Way of Life.” St. Louis Magazine, August 7, 2023.

Crutcher 1998. Crutcher, W. J. “Dub,” with Joel Montgomery, Coleman McSpadden and Mack Campbell. Interview by Will Sarvis, May 18, 1998, Carter County, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Cummins 1830. Cummins, Richard W., U.S. Indian Agent, Delaware and Shawnee Agency, to William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, St. Louis, December 3, 1830. William Clark Papers, vol. 6, p. 81, Kansas Historical Society, Topeka. Cited from the Society’s abstract of the letter.

Current-Jacks Fork Canoe Rental Ass’n v. Clark, 1985. Current-Jacks Fork Canoe Rental Ass’n v. Clark, 603 F. Supp. 421 (E.D. Mo. 1985).

Curtis 2021. Curtis, Dean. “The Wild Horses of Shannon County.” Missouri Life, March 2021.

Davis 1930. Davis, William Morris. “Origin of Limestone Caverns.” Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 41 (1930): 475–628.

Davis and Barr 2006. Davis, Jerri V., and Miya N. Barr. Assessment of Possible Sources of Microbiological Contamination in the Water Column and Streambed Sediment of the Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri—Phase III. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5161. Reston, Va.: U.S. Geological Survey, 2006.

Davis and Richards 2001. Davis, Jerri V., and Joseph M. Richards. Assessment of Microbiological Contamination of the Jacks Fork within the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri—Phase I. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 026-01. March 2001.

Davis and Richards 2002. Davis, Jerri V., and Joseph M. Richards. Assessment of Possible Sources of Microbiological Contamination and Water-Quality Characteristics of the Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri—Phase II. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4209. Rolla, Mo.: U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

Delaware Tribe of Indians, “About.” Delaware Tribe of Indians, Bartlesville, Okla. “About Delaware Tribe.” Tribal information, 2026.

Dempsey 2012. Dempsey, Erin Caitlin. “Geoarchaeology in the Current River Valley, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Southeast Missouri.” Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 2012.

DiStefano and others 2003. DiStefano, Robert J., and others. “Macrohabitat Partitioning among Three Crayfish Species in Two Missouri Streams, U.S.A.” Crustaceana 76 (2003): 343–362.

Dix 1998. Dix, David A. Interview by Will Sarvis, August 5, 1998, Eminence, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Dodd 2009. Dodd, Hope R. Fish Community Monitoring at Ozark National Scenic Riverways: 2005–2007 Status Report. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/HTLN/NRTR—2009/224. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, 2009.

Dodd 2013. Dodd, Hope R. Fish Community Monitoring at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 2005–2010 Summary Report. Natural Resource Data Series NPS/HTLN/NRDS—2013/599. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, 2013.

Dorrance 1938. Dorrance, Ward Allison. Three Ozark Streams: Log of the Moccasin and the Wilma. 2nd ed. Richmond, Mo.: Missourian Press, 1938. First published 1937 in a limited edition.

Drey 1998. Drey, Leo A. Interview by Will Sarvis, January 27, 1998, St. Louis, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

du Bray and others 2021. du Bray, Edward A., John N. Aleinikoff, Warren C. Day, Leonid A. Neymark and Seth D. Burgess. Petrology and Geochronology of 1.48 to 1.45 Ga Igneous Rocks in the St. Francois Mountains Terrane, Southeast Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1866, 2021.

Duffy 2015. Duffy, Robert W. “Leo Drey, a Legend in Forest Management and Philanthropy” (obituary). St. Louis Public Radio, St. Louis, May 27, 2015.

Dufur 2013. Dufur, Brett. “To Heaven and Back on the Upper Jacks Fork.” Missouri Conservationist 74, no. 4 (April 2013): 16–23.

Duley and Boswell 2017. Duley, James W., and Cecil Boswell. Revised Recharge Areas of Selected Large Springs in the Big Four Region of the Ozarks. Water Resources Report 76. Rolla: Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey, 2017.

Duley, Boswell and Prewett 2015. Duley, James W., Cecil Boswell and Jerry Prewett. “Recharge Area of Selected Large Springs in the Ozarks.” In Proceedings of the 14th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, NCKRI Symposium 5, 85–91. Carlsbad, N.M.: National Cave and Karst Research Institute, 2015.

Eddleman 2022. Eddleman, Bill. “Abandoned County Seat of Shannon County: Old Eminence.” Tales from Days Gone By, KRCU Public Radio, April 27, 2022.

Eddleman 2026. Eddleman, Bill. “The Tale of Peter Renfrow: Hiding from the Law in an Ozark Cave.” Tales from Days Gone By, KRCU Public Radio, August 12, 2026.

Elder v. Delcour, 1954. Elder v. Delcour, 364 Mo. 835, 269 S.W.2d 17 (Mo. 1954).

Elliott 1902. Elliott, Isaac H. History of the Thirty-Third Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War, 22nd August, 1861, to 7th December, 1865. With complete historical rosters compiled by Virgil G. Way. Gibson City, Ill.: Published by the Regimental Association, 1902.

Encyclopedia of Arkansas, “Thomas Roe Freeman.” Christ, Mark K. “Thomas Roe Freeman (1829–1893).” CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Little Rock: Central Arkansas Library System, revised 2024.

EPA 2006. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, Kansas City, Kansas. “EPA Approves Part of Missouri’s Water Quality Standards.” News release, May 1, 2006.

Erwin 2021. Erwin, Susannah O. Gravel-Bar Area (1996, 2005, 2010, 2014) and Geomorphic Metrics, Jacks Fork River. U.S. Geological Survey data release, 2021. doi:10.5066/P9ZGVTOP.

Erwin, Jacobson and Jones 2021. Erwin, Susannah O., Robert B. Jacobson and Jabari C. Jones. Stream Classification and Gravel-Bar Inventory for Buffalo National River and Ozark National Scenic Riverways. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5122, 2021.

Fast and others 2025. Fast, K. M., P. J. Hundt, Z. D. Alley and M. W. Sandel. “Phylogenomic Species Delimitation of Studfishes (Fundulidae: Fundulus): Evidence for Cryptic Species in Agreement with the Central Highlands Vicariance Hypothesis.” Zootaxa 5604, no. 3 (2025): 309–28. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.5.

Featherstonhaugh 1844. Featherstonhaugh, G. W. Excursion through the Slave States. 1844. Reprint, New York: Negro Universities Press, 1968. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991.

Fellman 1989. Fellman, Michael. Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri during the American Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Fenwick 1948. Fenwick, James M. “Marxist Missionary.” Review of Karl Obermann, Joseph Weydemeyer: Pioneer of American Socialism (New York: International Publishers, 1947). The New International 14, no. 1 (January 1948): 26–27.

Field Museum of Natural History. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago: Division of Fishes (FMNH), Botany Department herbarium (F) and the invertebrate and crustacean collections. Specimen records, cited by catalog number, with the collector, date and locality as written on the label.

Find a Grave, Houston Rural Cemetery. Find a Grave (Ancestry). Cemetery record and burial index for Houston Rural Cemetery, Texas County, Missouri (cemetery 2130587; 94 memorials), 2026.

Find a Grave, memorial 74999934. Find a Grave. Memorial 74999934, Josiah Bridge, with a transcribed funeral notice of 1953.

Finney 2006. Finney, Fred A. An Archeological Overview and Assessment of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. Contract Completion Report 62. St. Paul, Minn., and St. Joseph, Ill.: Upper Midwest Archaeology, for the National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 2006.

Flader 2011. Flader, Susan. “A Legacy of Neglect: The Ozark National Scenic Riverways.” George Wright Forum 28, no. 2 (2011): 114–26.

Flanders 1979. Flanders, Robert. “Regional History.” In Cultural Resource Overview, Mark Twain National Forest, vol. 1. Report to the Forest Supervisor, Mark Twain National Forest, by the Center for Archaeological Research, Southwest Missouri State University, 1979. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991.

Flanders and Morrow 1985. Flanders, Robert, and Lynn Morrow. Alley, An Ozarks Mill Hamlet, 1890–1925: Society, Economy, Landscape. Springfield: Center for Ozarks Studies, Southwest Missouri State University, for the National Park Service, 1985. Cited as quoted in Hughes, Williams and Stevens 1992.

Fort Scott Tribune 2010. “Battlefield Dispatches No. 196: Winter Killings.” Fort Scott Tribune (Fort Scott, Kan.), January 8, 2010. Reprints Capt. Levi E. Whybark’s report from Salem, Mo., January 8, 1865 (OR, vol. 48, pt. 1, 17–18), with bracketed glosses added.

Forte, Postal History. Forte, Jim. Postal History. Post-office lists by state and county, Missouri: Texas County and Shannon County. Jim Forte Postal History, 2026. Spans with a slash (for example 1891/1957) appear to mark offices with interruptions.

Fowke 1922. Fowke, Gerard. Archeological Investigations. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 76. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1922. Part I, “Cave Explorations in the Ozark Region of Central Missouri”; letter of transmittal dated February 17, 1920.

Free Enterprise Canoe Renters Ass’n v. Watt, 1983. Free Enterprise Canoe Renters Ass’n v. Watt, 549 F. Supp. 252 (E.D. Mo. 1982), aff’d 711 F.2d 852 (8th Cir. 1983).

Frétey and Raffaëlli 2021. Frétey, Thierry, and Jean Raffaëlli. “Barton and the Forgotten Description of Salamandra horrida (Amphibia, Urodela): Story of a Rediscovery.” Bionomina 25 (2021): 35–51.

Gibson 2000. Gibson, Jane W. Living by the Land and Rivers of the Southeastern Missouri Ozarks. Report for the National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, January 18, 2000.

Gilmore 1984. Gilmore, Robert K. Ozark Baptizings, Hangings, and Other Diversions: Theatrical Folkways of Rural Missouri, 1885–1910. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984. Cited from the publisher’s description of the book; the book itself not seen.

Goodrich and Oster 1986. Goodrich, James W., and Donald B. Oster, eds. “‘Few Men but Many Widows . . .’: The Daniel Fogle Letters, August 8–September 4, 1867.” Missouri Historical Review 80 (April 1986). Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991.

Goodspeed 1889. Goodspeed Publishing Company. History of Laclede, Camden, Dallas, Webster, Wright, Texas, Pulaski, Phelps and Dent Counties, Missouri. Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing Co., 1889. Texas County history, cited by chapter (“Establishment,” “Townships,” “Pioneer,” “Natural Features,” “Ecclesiastical,” “Military Affairs”).

Goodspeed 1894. Goodspeed Brothers. A Reminiscent History of the Ozark Region. Chicago: Goodspeed Brothers, 1894. Sketch “Hon. Joshua Chilton.”

Google Earth imagery, 2026. Google. Google Earth aerial imagery of the Jacks Fork Road (County Road 4670) crossing at the junction of the North and South prongs, Texas County, Missouri, 2026.

Google Maps 2026. Google. Google Maps, place label “King’s Bluff,” Jacks Fork River between Possum Trot Hollow and Mahans Creek, Shannon County, Missouri, 2026.

Graham 1827. Graham, Richard, to William Clark, August 28, 1827. Draft letter, docketed by Graham as a copy. Gilder Lehrman Collection, GLC02146.07, Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Cited from the collection’s catalog description.

Hall 1969. Hall, Leonard. Stars Upstream: Life Along an Ozark River. Rev. ed. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969. First published Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.

Hall Papers. Leonard Hall Papers, 1946–1983. State Historical Society of Missouri, Rolla, collection R0408. Finding aid, biographical sketch.

Hamilton 2006. Hamilton, Dave. “Mountain Lions in Missouri.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), June 2006.

Hamilton 2007. Hamilton, Dave. “Missouri River Otter Saga.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), June 2007.

Hansford and Logan 1933. Hansford, Hazel, and W. N. Logan. “Gerard Fowke (Charles Mitchell Smith).” Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 43 (1933): 20–22.

Harvey’s Alley Springs Canoe Rental. Harvey’s Alley Springs Canoe Rental, Alley Spring, Mo. Outfitter’s published rates and information for canoe, kayak and raft rental, 2026.

Hawksley 1965. Hawksley, Oz. Missouri Ozark Waterways. Jefferson City: Missouri Conservation Commission, with the Missouri Division of Commerce and Industrial Development, 1965; revised 1972 (title page dated 1973). Maps by Don Jerabek and James L. Keller. Jacks Fork, pp. 98–100.

Heimann and others 2025. Heimann, David C., Jason L. High, Allison A. Atkinson and Paul H. Rydlund Jr. Flood-Inundation Maps of the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers including the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Southeast Missouri, 2023. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5092, 2025.

Heimann, Atkinson and High 2025. Heimann, David C., Allison A. Atkinson and Jason L. High. Hydraulic Models and Geospatial Products Associated with Flood-Inundation Mapping of the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers including the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Southeast Missouri, 2022–25. U.S. Geological Survey data release, September 2025. doi:10.5066/P90H2UQY.

Heimann, Holmes and Harris 2018. Heimann, David C., Robert R. Holmes Jr. and Thomas E. Harris. Flooding in the Southern Midwestern United States, April–May 2017. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1004. Reston, Va., 2018.

Hennesay 1998. Hennesay, Vernon. Interview by Will Sarvis, March 24, 1998, by telephone to Charlo, Montana. Chief ranger (1965) and superintendent (1966–67), Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Hill 1949. Hill, Leslie G. “History of the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company, 1880–1909.” Ph.D. diss., University of Missouri, 1949. Cited as quoted in Brown 1969 and Stevens 1991.

Houck 1908. Houck, Louis. A History of Missouri from the Earliest Explorations and Settlements until the Admission of the State into the Union. 3 vols. Chicago: R. R. Donnelley and Sons, 1908. Cited as given in Finney 2006 and Zedeño and Basaldú 2003.

Howell County News 2022. “Public Works Manager Described and Sewer Project Revisited in Mtn. View.” Howell County News, May 19, 2022.

Hudson and others 2025. Hudson, M. R., J. B. Paces, D. E. Granger, K. Rodrigues, A. Keen-Zebert, C. J. Bitting, K. J. Turner and K. N. Sapkota. “Two Million Years of Climate-Driven Cave-Sediment Aggradation and Valley Incision in the Southern Ozark Plateau from Fitton Cave, Northern Arkansas, USA.” Quaternary Research, 2025. doi:10.1017/qua.2025.14.

Hughes, Williams and Stevens 1992. Hughes, Mary, Sherda Williams and Donald Stevens Jr. Preliminary Report on Akers Ferry Hamlet Cultural Landscape Survey, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri. Omaha: National Park Service, Midwest Region, December 1992. Unpaginated; cited by leaf.

Hundt, Berendzen and Simons 2017. Hundt, Peter J., Peter B. Berendzen and Andrew M. Simons. “Species Delimitation and Phylogeography of the Studfish Fundulus catenatus Species Group (Ovalentaria: Cyprinodontiformes).” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180 (2017): 461–74.

ICC 1912. Interstate Commerce Commission. “The Tap Line Case,” 23 I.C.C. 277 (1912), and supplemental report, 23 I.C.C. 549 (1912). Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. 23. Cited from an abstract of the report’s account of the Salem, Winona & Southern Railroad, without page numbers.

Imes and Fredrick 2002. Imes, Jeffrey L., and Brian S. Fredrick. Using Dye-Tracing and Chemical Analyses to Determine Effects of a Wastewater Discharge to Jam Up Creek on Water Quality of Big Spring, Southeastern Missouri, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 103-02, 2002.

Imes and others 2007. Imes, J. L., L. N. Plummer, M. J. Kleeschulte and J. G. Schumacher. Recharge Area, Base-Flow and Quick-Flow Discharge Rates and Ages, and General Water Quality of Big Spring in Carter County, Missouri, 2000–04. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5049, 2007. Cited from the report’s abstract.

ITIS, Etheostoma erizonum. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. “Etheostoma erizonum“ (Current saddled darter), TSN 1148994. Taxonomic record, 2026.

Jacks Fork Creek Network 2026. Channel network of the Jacks Fork watershed traced from U.S. Geological Survey 3DEP 1/3 arc-second elevation data at about 40-meter cells, every channel draining one square kilometer or more (285 creeks), with names matched to the place register and to USGS GNIS. Compiled October 2026.

Jacks Fork Oral History. Recollections of people who know the river, gathered in 2026. Records cited by number. See “The Oral History” in the back matter.

Jackson 1978. Jackson, Donald, ed. Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, with Related Documents, 1783–1854. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978. Cited by document (Pryor to Clark, October 16, 1807) and editorial note.

Jackson 2009. Jackson, Stephen T. “In History: Legacy of Chief Anderson.” Herald Bulletin (Anderson, Ind.), September 5, 2009. The writer was the Madison County (Indiana) historian.

Jacobson and Primm 1994. Jacobson, Robert B., and Alexander T. Primm. Historical Land-Use Changes and Potential Effects on Stream Disturbance in the Ozark Plateaus, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-333, 1994.

Jacobson and Primm 1997. Jacobson, Robert B., and Alexander T. Primm. Historical Land-Use Changes and Potential Effects on Stream Disturbance in the Ozark Plateaus, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2484. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1997. The published version of Jacobson and Primm 1994.

Jacobson, Femmer and McKenney 2001. Jacobson, Robert B., Suzanne R. Femmer and Rose A. McKenney. Land-Use Changes and the Physical Habitat of Streams: A Review with Emphasis on Studies within the U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Program. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1175. Reston, Va., 2001.

Jett 2026. Jett, Cheryl Eichar. “Missouri Trail of Tears Sites along Route 66.” Columbia: State Historical Society of Missouri, March 2, 2026.

Johnson 2007. Johnson, Gary. “Jacks Fork Caves.” The Guano (Kansas City Area Grotto), June 2007, 20–33.

Kappler 1904. Kappler, Charles J., ed. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. 2, Treaties. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904. Treaties cited: Treaty with the Osage, 1808 (7 Stat. 107); Treaty with the Osage, 1818; Treaty with the Osage, 1825; Treaty with the Shawnee, 1825; Treaty with the Delawares, 1829 (supplementary article to the treaty of St. Mary’s, 1818); Treaty with the Shawnee, etc., 1832.

KCUR 2014. “Political Battle over Ozark National Park Heats Up.” KCUR (Kansas City), February 20, 2014.

Kennedy 1998. Kennedy, Douglas R. Interview by Will Sarvis, August 4, 1998, Poplar Bluff, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Kennedy Space Center 2026. Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. “Veteran NASA Astronauts Tom Akers and Joe Tanner Inducted into U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.” News release, May 2026.

King and Muzika 2014. King, Chad B., and Rose-Marie Muzika. “Historic Fire and Canopy Disturbance Dynamics in an Oak-Pine Forest of the Missouri Ozarks (1624–2010).” Castanea 79, no. 2 (2014): 78–87.

Kisvarsányi n.d. Kisvarsányi, Éva B. “Recollections from 1956.” Member profile, American Hungarian Federation, Washington, D.C., undated.

Kleppe v. New Mexico, 1976. Kleppe v. New Mexico, 426 U.S. 529 (1976).

Klinger and Kandare 1987. Klinger, Timothy C., and Richard P. Kandare. Two Rivers: Archaeological Testing and Assessment Conducted in Areas to Be Disturbed by a Proposed Comfort Station, Sewer Line and Drain Field at the Two Rivers Site, 23SH101, Ozark National Scenic Riverways Area, Shannon County, Missouri. Historic Preservation Associates Reports 87-2. Fayetteville, Ark.: Historic Preservation Associates, with the University of Missouri, American Archaeology Division, 1987.

Klinger and others 1989. Klinger, Timothy C., Richard P. Kandare, James E. Price and Roger T. Saucier. Two Rivers II: Archeological Excavations at Two Rivers (23SH101), Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri. Historic Preservation Associates Reports 89-2. Fayetteville, Ark.: Historic Preservation Associates, with the University of Missouri, American Archaeology Division, 1989.

Kohler and Schuchard 1984. Kohler, Steve (text), and Oliver Schuchard (photographs). Two Ozark Rivers: The Current and the Jacks Fork. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1984.

KRCU 2025. Nickell, Frank. “The Bunker That Bunker Built.” Almost Yesterday, KRCU Public Radio, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau. July 22, 2025.

KSMU 2022. “Longtime Missouri Photojournalist Dean Curtis Launches Book on Shannon County’s Wild Horses.” KSMU (Springfield), December 7, 2022.

KY3 2017. “Missouri Survey Finds Deep Drop in Once-Common Bat Species.” KY3 News (Springfield), April 15, 2017.

KY3 2024. “Multiple Campgrounds near Eminence, Mo., Evacuated because of Flooding.” KY3 News (Springfield), June 10, 2024.

Lewis 1980. Lewis, David. The Jack’s Fork of the Current River: Historical and Geographical. Mountain View, Mo.: Ozark Custom Printing, 1980. 78 pp. Zedeño and Basaldú 2003 give the title as The Current River and Tributaries, Part II: The Jacks Fork and the Current River, Historical and Geographical. Cited by PDF page (“PDF p.”) from a scan of the whole book held by the project; citations by bare page number are to the book as quoted in other works.

Limbaugh 2013. Limbaugh, Stephen N. “The Origin and Development of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways Project.” In The Ozarks in Missouri History: Discoveries in an American Region, edited by Lynn Morrow, ch. 14. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2013. First published in Missouri Historical Review 91, no. 2 (January 1997): 121–32.

Little 1990. Little, Kimberly Scott. “Reed Log House.” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. National Park Service, 1990. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991.

Lookingbill 2020. Lookingbill, Brad D. “Osage.” In Missouri Encyclopedia. Columbia: State Historical Society of Missouri, 2020; revised June 30, 2023.

Low 2015. Low, Jim. “Missouri Loses a True Forest Pioneer.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), July 2015.

Lowry 1865. Lowry, Robert. “Beautiful River” (“Shall We Gather at the River?”). Hymn, written in Brooklyn in 1864. In Happy Voices. New York, 1865.

Lynott 1981. Lynott, Mark J. Archeological Resources at Ozark National Scenic Riverways: Archeological Survey of Development Areas, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Lincoln, Neb.: National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1981.

Lynott 1982. Lynott, Mark J. Archeological Test Excavations: An Evaluation of Three Archeological Sites in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Lincoln, Neb.: National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1982.

Lyon 1941. Lyon, Marguerite. Take to the Hills: A Chronicle of the Ozarks. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941.

Mandel 2016. Mandel, Rolfe D., comp. Odyssey Archaeological Research Fund Report of Investigations, Summer and Fall, 2016. Lawrence: Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 2016. Section on test excavations at the Two Rivers site, with Jack Hofman, Jack Ray and Kale Brunner.

Markland 2023. Markland, K. M. Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2021. U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1179. 2023.

Martin 2005. Martin, Derek Joseph. “Geospatial Analysis of Gravel Bar Deposition and Channel Migration within the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri (1955–2003).” M.S. thesis, Southwest Missouri State University, 2005.

Matthews [1976]. Matthews, Stephen F. Missouri Fencing and Boundary Laws. UMC Guide 810. Columbia: University of Missouri–Columbia, Cooperative Extension Division, [1976]. A revision of the guide first prepared by Jerry W. Looney; the date is from the guide’s footer (“7/76”).

MBGN 2011. Missouri Board on Geographic Names. Minutes of the meeting of November 8, 2011, Jefferson City, Missouri.

MBGN May 2011. Missouri Board on Geographic Names. Minutes of the meeting of May 24, 2011. Missouri Secretary of State, Jefferson City.

McCarter 1995. McCarter, Dudley. “Conservation Laws: A Delicate Balance.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), November 1995.

McClure and Richardson 1999. McClure, Arthur F., and Vivian Richardson. “Harlow, Jean (1911–1937).” In Dictionary of Missouri Biography, edited by Lawrence O. Christensen, William E. Foley, Gary R. Kremer and Kenneth H. Winn. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999.

McConnell, “Marge Lyon.” McConnell, Kaitlyn. “Marge Lyon, Publicist of the Ozarks.” Ozarks Alive (Springfield, Mo.), January 28 (year not given).

McConnell, “Rayburn.” McConnell, Kaitlyn. “A Look at the Legacy of Otto Ernest Rayburn.” Ozarks Alive (Springfield, Mo.), January 17, [2026].

McKee 1996. McKee, Joan. “Up an Ozark River.” Missouri Conservationist 57, no. 8 (August 1996). Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.

McLaughlin 2001. McLaughlin, Jack. “Afloat for Fish.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), August 2001.

McMurray 2017. McMurray, Stephen E. “Missouri’s Essential Freshwater Mussels.” Missouri Conservationist 78, no. 6 (June 2017): 16–23. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.

McMurray and Faiman 2023. McMurray, Stephen E., and J. Scott Faiman. “Changes in the Mussel Fauna of the Jacks Fork, Missouri over 35 Years and Relationships with Species Traits.” Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 26 (2023): 11–19.

MDC 2001. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jacks Fork Watershed Inventory and Assessment. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2001.

MDC 2003. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jacks Fork River: Mile-by-Mile Description. Float guide, 2003.

MDC 2010. Missouri Department of Conservation. “Conservation Commission Approves Contract for Eminence City Park.” News release, August 20, 2010.

MDC 2011. Missouri Department of Conservation. “A New Threat to Bats: White-Nose Syndrome.” Missouri Conservationist, August 2011.

MDC 2011 (hellbenders). Missouri Department of Conservation and Saint Louis Zoo. “St. Louis Zoo and MDC Announce World’s First Captive Breeding of Ozark Hellbenders.” News release, Jefferson City, November 30, 2011.

MDC 2012 (bats). Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Three Cases of Bat Disease Discovered in Missouri.” News release, April 2, 2012.

MDC 2016 (Barn Hollow). Missouri Department of Conservation, Forestry Division. Barn Hollow Natural Area Ten-Year Area Management Plan, FY 2016–2025. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2016.

MDC 2016 (Buttin Rock Access). Missouri Department of Conservation. Buttin Rock Access Area Plan (area #9531). 2016.

MDC 2016 (smallmouth). Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Conservation Commission Approves Changes to Smallmouth and Rock Bass Regulations.” News release, December 16, 2016.

MDC 2017. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jacks Fork River Special Management Area (smallmouth bass). Map, April 2017.

MDC 2017 (Gist Ranch). Missouri Department of Conservation, Gist Ranch and Midvale Conservation Areas Planning Team. 2017 Gist Ranch and Midvale Conservation Areas Management Plan. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2017. The draft was open for public comment in March 2015.

MDC 2018 (Angeline plan). Missouri Department of Conservation. Angeline Conservation Area Management Plan. Jefferson City, 2018.

MDC 2019 (gigging). Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “MDC Extends Fall Fish Gigging Season.” News release, August 26, 2019.

MDC 2022. Missouri Department of Conservation. “Places to Go: Gist Ranch Conservation Area.” Missouri Conservationist 83, no. 6 (June 2022).

MDC 2025 (bears). Bowersock, Nate, and Katie English. Missouri Black Bear Program Annual Report 2024. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2025.

MDC 2026. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Jacks Fork River Prospect Report.” Fishing prospects, 2026.

MDC 2026 (bats). Missouri Department of Conservation, HCP Implementation Team. Missouri Department of Conservation Bat Habitat Conservation Plan FY24 Annual Report: Implementation, Compliance and Effectiveness. Reporting period July 1, 2023–June 30, 2024. Final public version, March 17, 2026.

MDC 2026 (fishing regulations). Missouri Department of Conservation. A Summary of Missouri Fishing Regulations 2026. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2026. Effective March 1, 2026.

MDC, Alley Spring Natural Area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Alley Spring Natural Area.” Natural area information, 2026.

MDC, Angeline Conservation Area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Angeline Conservation Area,” area description.

MDC, “Banded Sculpin.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Banded Sculpin.” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, Barn Hollow Natural Area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Barn Hollow.” Natural area information, 2026.

MDC, “Big Spring.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Big Spring” (natural area). Natural area information, 2026.

MDC, “Bleeding Shiner.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Bleeding Shiner.”

MDC, “Cave Salamander.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Cave Salamander.” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, “Central Stoneroller.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Central Stoneroller.”

MDC, “Cliffs.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Cliffs” (Discover Nature, Habitats). Habitat account, 2026.

MDC, Current River float guide. Missouri Department of Conservation. Current River: Mile-by-Mile Description. Float guide.

MDC, “Eastern Leatherwood.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Missouri Field Guide, “Eastern Leatherwood (Dirca palustris).”

MDC, “Fish Gigging.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Fish Gigging.” Fishing information, 2026.

MDC, Gist Ranch Conservation Area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Gist Ranch Conservation Area.” Conservation area information and area map, 2026.

MDC, “Golden Redhorse.” Missouri Department of Conservation. “Golden Redhorse” (Moxostoma erythrurum). Field guide, Discover Nature series. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation.

MDC, “Gray Myotis (Gray Bat).” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Gray Myotis (Gray Bat).” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, “Grotto Salamander.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Grotto Salamander.” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, “Indiana Myotis.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field guide, “Indiana Myotis (Indiana Bat).”

MDC, Jacks Fork Natural Area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Jacks Fork Natural Area.” Natural area information, 2026.

MDC, Joshua T. Chilton Memorial Landing. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Joshua T. Chilton Memorial Landing (Eminence).” Conservation area information, 2026.

MDC, “Knobfin Sculpin.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Knobfin Sculpin.” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, Leatherwood Creek Natural Area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Leatherwood Creek Natural Area.” Natural area information, 2026.

MDC, “Live Bait Regulations.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Live Bait Regulations.” Fishing regulations, 2026.

MDC, “Longear Sunfish.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Longear Sunfish.”

MDC, “Longnose Gar.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Longnose Gar.”

MDC, Mahan’s Creek priority area. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Mahan’s Creek,” priority geography description for private landowners.

MDC, MOFWIS, “Purple Lilliput.” Missouri Department of Conservation. Missouri Fish and Wildlife Information System, species record 0600098, “Purple Lilliput” (Toxolasma lividum). Jefferson City.

MDC, Mountain Lions in Missouri. Davis, Candice. Mountain Lions in Missouri. Pamphlet W00084. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, rev. 2023.

MDC, “Northern Cottonmouth.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Northern Cottonmouth.”

MDC, “Northern Hog Sucker.” Missouri Department of Conservation. “Northern Hog Sucker” (Hypentelium nigricans). Field guide, Discover Nature series. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation.

MDC, “Northern Watersnake.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Northern Watersnake” (the common watersnake, with its midland subspecies).

MDC, “Ozark Hellbender.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Ozark Hellbender.”

MDC, “Ozark Shiner.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Ozark Shiner” (Paranotropis ozarcanus). Species account, 2026.

MDC, “Rainbow Darter.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field Guide (Discover Nature series), “Rainbow Darter.”

MDC, “Ringed Salamander.” Missouri Department of Conservation. Field guide, “Ringed Salamander” (Ambystoma annulatum). Jefferson City.

MDC, “Salem Cave Crayfish.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field guide, “Salem Cave Crayfish.”

MDC, “Salem Plateau Cavefish.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Field guide, “Salem Plateau Cavefish” (Typhlichthys eigenmanni), formerly listed as the southern cavefish.

MDC, “Smallmouth Bass.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Smallmouth Bass.” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, South Prong Access. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “South Prong Access.” Conservation area information, 2026.

MDC, “Spothanded Crayfish.” Missouri Department of Conservation. Field guide, “Spothanded Crayfish” (Faxonius punctimanus). Jefferson City.

MDC, “Talus.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Talus” (Discover Nature, Habitats). Habitat account, 2026.

MDC, “Trespassing.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Trespassing.” Fishing regulations (stream access and the classes of streams), 2026.

MDC, “Tricolored Bat.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. “Tricolored Bat.” Field guide species account, 2026.

MDC, “Walleye.” Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Missouri Field Guide, “Walleye.”

MDHSS 2013. Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. Swim Healthy, Stay Healthy. Brochure, August 2013.

MDHSS 2023 (rural hospitals). Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City. Rural Hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in Missouri. List as of March 30, 2023.

MDHSS 2024 (fish advisory). Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City. Missouri Fish Advisory: A Guide to Eating Fish in Missouri. Updated March 2024.

MDHSS, licensed hospitals. Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City. Register of licensed hospitals (general acute care), with addresses and telephone numbers, 2026.

MDNR 2014. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. E. coli—General Information. PUB2401. March 2014.

MDNR 2018. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Frequently Asked Major Water User Questions. PUB2236. November 2018.

MDNR 2020. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Water Protection Program, Jefferson City. Missouri State Operating Permit MO-0055328, Eminence WWTP (City of Eminence, Shannon County), with fact sheet. Effective June 1, 2020; fact sheet dated April 13, 2020.

MDNR 2025. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. “Department of Natural Resources Awards $5.98 Million to Mountain View.” News release, October 3, 2025.

MDNR, “Losing Streams.” Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey, Rolla. “Losing Streams.” Agency information, 2026.

MDNR, “Missouri Water Tracing Laboratory.” Missouri Department of Natural Resources. “Missouri Water Tracing Laboratory.” Agency information, 2026.

MDNR, “Outstanding National Resource Waters.” Missouri Department of Natural Resources. “Outstanding National Resource Waters.” Map of the waters listed in Table D of 10 CSR 20-7.031, Missouri Code of State Regulations (published January 29, 2014; approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency October 22, 2014), 2026.

MDNR, “Springs.” Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey, Rolla. “Springs,” statewide spring-location data (layer water_springs, with metadata WATER.SPRINGS), giving minimum, maximum and last observed flows in gallons a minute, without measurement dates, 2026.

Mercy 2026. Mercy, Mountain View, Mo. “Mercy Hospital Mountain View: Quick Facts.” Fact sheet, fiscal year 2026.

Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, s.v. “meetinghouse.” Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 2026.

Merriam-Webster (river words). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. Entries “crawdad,” “goggle-eye,” “hellbender” and “johnboat,” with their dates of first known use.

Minnesota v. Block, 1981. Minnesota ex rel. Alexander v. Block, 660 F.2d 1240 (8th Cir. 1981).

Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, Jackson, fish collection (MMNS). Specimen records MMNS 49231 and 49232.

Missouri Attorney General 1938. Missouri, Office of the Attorney General. Opinion to Paul N. Chitwood, Prosecuting Attorney of Reynolds County, Centerville, on the gigging of nongame fish. By Tyre W. Burton, Assistant Attorney General; approved by J. E. Taylor, Acting Attorney General. Jefferson City, March 30, 1938.

Missouri Attorney General 1939. Missouri Attorney General. Opinion to Charles T. Bloodworth Jr., Prosecuting Attorney, Butler County, June 29, 1939 (Harry H. Kay, Assistant Attorney General; approved by the Acting Attorney General, whose name prints as “E. Taylor”). Jefferson City.

Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (MO). Specimen records, cited by catalog number, with the collector, date and locality as written on the label.

Missouri Constitution, art. IV, sec. 40(a). Constitution of the State of Missouri (1945), article IV, section 40(a): the Conservation Commission’s control of the state’s bird, fish, game, forestry and wildlife resources.

Missouri Folk Arts Program 2019. Missouri Folk Arts Program, University of Missouri, Columbia. “Then and Now: Apprentice Journeys with Gigmaker Ray Joe Hastings.” Program feature, January 16, 2019, from an oral history recorded by Deborah A. Bailey at Doniphan in April 2018.

Missouri Geological Survey 2002. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division. “Springs in Missouri.” Fact Sheet 18, June 2002.

Missouri Geological Survey 2015. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey. Mozarkite: Missouri’s Official State Rock. Fact sheet PUB0653, June 1, 2015.

Missouri Geological Survey 2022. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey. Parrosaurus missouriensis: Missouri’s Official State Dinosaur. PUB2901, May 17, 2022.

Missouri Historical Society, Henry Almstedt Papers (A0022). Missouri Historical Society, Library and Research Center, St. Louis. Henry Almstedt Papers, A0022, folder 1: letter signed “J. Weydemeyer, Lt. Col. Comd. Post, Military Post, Salem, Mo.,” to Col. Henry Almstedt, October 3, 1862.

Missouri Memorial. “Charles Dorris, Carroll Township, Texas County, 1888.” Missouri Law Enforcement Memorial roll, Jefferson City, 2026.

Missouri Secretary of State, “State Dinosaur.” Missouri Secretary of State, Jefferson City. “Parrosaurus missouriensis” (Missouri State Symbols), 2026.

Missouri Senate, “This Date in Missouri Senate History.” Missouri Senate, Jefferson City. “This Date in Missouri Senate History: July 31, 1921.” Senate history series.

Missouri State Archives, RG 103. Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City. Record Group 103, Department of Conservation. Finding aid, agency history.

Missouri State Highway Patrol, Troop G. Missouri State Highway Patrol, Troop G Headquarters, Willow Springs, Mo. Troop information (counties served and telephone), October 2026.

Missouri State Parks, “History.” Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri State Parks, Jefferson City. “The History of Missouri’s State Park System.”

Missouri State Parks, Mastodon State Historic Site. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri State Parks, Jefferson City. Mastodon State Historic Site, “Historic Site History.”

Missouri State University, “Delaware Town.” Missouri State University, Center for Archaeological Research, Springfield. “Delaware Town.” Research information, 2026.

Mittelhauser 2025. Mittelhauser, Cooper. “Show Me Groundwater: The Case for Proactive Groundwater Law Reform in Missouri.” Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 40 (2025): 197ff.

MoDOT 2024. Missouri Department of Transportation. “Upcoming Bridge Improvement Projects in Texas County.” News release, January 24, 2024.

MoDOT 2025. Missouri Department of Transportation. “MO Route 137 in Texas County Closed for Bridge Replacement.” News release, July 7, 2025.

MoDOT 2026. Missouri Department of Transportation. “Route 137 in Texas County Closed for Bridge Replacement.” News release, March 9, 2026.

MoDOT, “Commission Background.” Missouri Department of Transportation, Jefferson City. “Missouri Highways and Transportation Commission: Commission Background.” Agency history, 2026.

MoDOT, “MoDOT History.” Missouri Department of Transportation, Jefferson City. “MoDOT History.” Agency history, 2026.

MOHerp. MOHerp River Trips. Trip logs.

Monks 1907. Monks, William. A History of Southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas. West Plains, Mo., 1907. Read in the 1907 edition; some passages in earlier chapters are cited as quoted in Sauer 1920 and Gibson 2000.

Moore 1862. Moore, Frank, ed. The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events. Vol. 3. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1862. The Salem fight of December 3, 1861, as given by Dickinson College’s House Divided project; the volume itself not seen.

Morrow 1981. Morrow, Lynn. “Trader William Gillis and Delaware Migration in Southern Missouri.” Missouri Historical Review 75 (January 1981): 147–67. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991 and Zedeño and Basaldú 2003.

Morrow 1982 (“Rose Cliff Hotel”). Morrow, Lynn. “Rose Cliff Hotel: A Missouri Forum for Environmental Policy.” Gateway Heritage 3 (Fall 1982): 38–48. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991.

Morrow 2013. Morrow, Lynn, ed. The Ozarks in Missouri History: Discoveries in an American Region. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2013.

Moulton 1987. Moulton, Gary E., ed. The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Vol. 3, August 25, 1804–April 6, 1805. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987. Cited by date of entry.

MSS 1982. Missouri Speleological Survey. Caves of the Jacks Fork Valley. Missouri Speleology 22, nos. 1–2 (January–June 1982). Edited by William R. Eddleman; reports chiefly by R. Scott House.

MSS 2016. Missouri Speleological Survey. “MSS Announces 7,000 Caves.” Announcement, January 31, 2016.

MSS, “Privately Owned Lands.” Missouri Speleological Survey. “Privately Owned Lands.” Survey information, 2026.

MSS, “Shannon County.” Missouri Speleological Survey. “Shannon County.” Survey information, 2026.

Mugel, Richards and Schumacher 2009. Mugel, Douglas N., Joseph M. Richards and John G. Schumacher. Geohydrologic Investigations and Landscape Characteristics of Areas Contributing Water to Springs, the Current River, and Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5138, 2009.

Murphy 1982. Murphy, James Lee. “A History of the Southeastern Ozark Region of Missouri.” Ph.D. diss., Saint Louis University, 1982. Cited as quoted in Stevens 1991 and Gibson 2000.

NASA, Akers. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. “Thomas D. Akers (Colonel, USAF, Ret.), NASA Astronaut (Former).” Biographical data sheet.

National Bridge Inventory. Federal Highway Administration, National Bridge Inventory records for the bridges over the Jacks Fork and its prongs (MO 17, MO 19, MO 106, MO 137, Routes Y and HH, Jacks Fork Road, Morgan Road) and over Pine Creek (Rebel Road, MO 137).

National Parks Traveler 2014. “Bid in Congress to Have Ozark National Scenic Riverways Given to State of Missouri.” National Parks Traveler, June 2014.

National Parks Traveler 2015. “General Management Plan for Ozark National Scenic Riverways Approved by National Park Service.” National Parks Traveler, January 2015.

National Parks Traveler 2017. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways Struggles to Rebound from Record Flooding.” National Parks Traveler, May 7, 2017.

National Parks Traveler 2017 (Haunting in the Hills). “Celebrate Haunting in the Hills at Alley Spring in Ozark National Scenic Riverways.” National Parks Traveler, October 8, 2017.

National Weather Service. National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service (formerly the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service). Gauge records for the Jacks Fork near Mountain View (JKFM7), at Alley Spring (ALYM7) and at Eminence (EMCM7): flood categories, impacts and crest histories, 2026.

National Weather Service, Springfield 2016. National Weather Service Forecast Office, Springfield, Missouri. “The Top 10 Weather Events of 2015 for the Missouri Ozarks Region.” Annual review [2016].

National Weather Service, Springfield 2017. National Weather Service Forecast Office, Springfield, Missouri. “April 28–30, 2017 Historic Flooding Event.” Event summary.

National Weather Service, “Turn Around Don’t Drown.” National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Md. “Turn Around Don’t Drown.” Flood safety information, 2026.

Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Newberry Library, Dr. William M. Scholl Center for American History and Culture, Chicago. Atlas of Historical County Boundaries: Missouri, consolidated chronology of state and county boundaries.

News Tribune 2022. Smith, Jenny, for the Historic City of Jefferson. “Capital City History: Prehistoric Culture Named for Jefferson City Judge.” News Tribune (Jefferson City, Mo.), December 17, 2022.

Nichols 2004. Nichols, Bruce. Guerrilla Warfare in Civil War Missouri, Volume I, 1862. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2004. Cited by chapter.

Nichols 2007. Nichols, Bruce. Guerrilla Warfare in Civil War Missouri, Volume II, 1863. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2007. Cited by chapter.

Nichols 2014. Nichols, Bruce. Guerrilla Warfare in Civil War Missouri, Volume IV, September 1864–June 1865. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2014. Cited by chapter.

“Not So Gently Down the Stream,” 1963. “Not So Gently Down the Stream.” Sports Illustrated, April 29, 1963.

NPS 1960. National Park Service. A Proposal: Ozark Rivers National Monument, Appendix. Washington, D.C., February 1960. Includes “Economic and Social Impacts,” by the staff of the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri.

NPS 1977. National Park Service. Ozark Riverways. Visitor folder. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1977.

NPS 1981. National Park Service. Draft General Management Plan / Development Concept Plan, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. 1981.

NPS 2013. National Park Service. Cardinal Acres, Ozark National Scenic Riverways: Cultural Landscape Inventory. 2013.

NPS 2013 (budget). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways Plans Budget Cuts to Park Operations.” News release, March 1, 2013.

NPS 2013 (budget cuts made). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark Riverways Implements Budget Cuts.” News release, April 18, 2013.

NPS 2013 (draft GMP). National Park Service. Ozark National Scenic Riverways Draft General Management Plan / Wilderness Study / Environmental Impact Statement. November 2013.

NPS 2013 (Klepzig Mill). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Klepzig Mill and Farm: Cultural Landscapes Inventory. 2013.

NPS 2014 (Alley Mill). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Preservation Repairs Necessary for Historic Alley Mill.” News release, April 8, 2014.

NPS 2014 (Alley Mill reopening). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Alley Mill to Open Earlier Than Expected.” News release, June 6, 2014.

NPS 2014 (fiftieth anniversary). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Fiftieth Anniversary Recognition Event at Big Spring.” News release, August 15, 2014.

NPS 2014 (GMP). National Park Service. Ozark National Scenic Riverways Final General Management Plan / Environmental Impact Statement. 2014.

NPS 2014 (sycamore). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Experts Determine Extent of Tree Root Impacts on Historic Alley Mill Foundation.” News release, April 11, 2014.

NPS 2015 (Chalk Bluff). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Graffiti Removed From Chalk Bluff in Ozark Riverways.” News release, July 1, 2015.

NPS 2015 (GMP summary). National Park Service. Ozark National Scenic Riverways General Management Plan: Summary. 2015.

NPS 2015 (place names). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Place Names.” Park information, April 10, 2015.

NPS 2016. National Park Service. Foundation Document, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. 2016.

NPS 2016 (Buttin Rock School). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Buttin Rock School Reunion to Be Held September 24.” News release, September 9, 2016.

NPS 2016 (flood). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark Riverways Provides Update on Flood Recovery.” News release, January 22, 2016.

NPS 2016 (Independence Day). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. News release on the Alley Spring Independence Day celebration, June 27, 2016.

NPS 2017 (reopening). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “National Park Service Announces Opening of Some River Sections and Campgrounds in Ozark Riverways.” News release, May 19, 2017.

NPS 2018. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. News release on the closure of the river at the Alley Spring pedestrian bridge, April 30, 2018.

NPS 2018 (Alley historic district). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Open House for the Alley Spring Historic District.” News release, September 6, 2018.

NPS 2018 (Devils Well). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Devils Well.” Park information, January 11, 2018.

NPS 2018 (flood recovery). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Update on Flood Recovery Progress at Ozark National Scenic Riverways.” News release, February 22, 2018.

NPS 2019. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. News release on the removal of the Alley Spring pedestrian bridge, January 30, 2019.

NPS 2019 (economy). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Tourism to Ozark National Scenic Riverways Creates $60 Million in Economic Benefits.” News release, May 31, 2019.

NPS 2019 (haunted night). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren. “Celebrate a Haunted Night at Alley Spring on October 12.” News release, October 1, 2019.

NPS 2019 (Johnson). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark Riverways Superintendent Larry Johnson to Retire.” News release, December 11, 2019.

NPS 2019 (river reopened). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Jacks Fork River Reopens at Alley Spring.” News release, April 8, 2019.

NPS 2019 (Rymers). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Rymers Restroom Replacement Project Will Shift to Powder Mill.” News release, February 21, 2019.

NPS 2020 (COVID-19). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. News releases on park operations during the COVID-19 pandemic: March 20, March 27, April 9, May 5 and July 24, 2020.

NPS 2020 (economy). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Tourism to Ozark National Scenic Riverways Creates $58.6 Million in Economic Benefits.” News release, July 9, 2020.

NPS 2020 (feral swine). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark Riverways Closes Land to Feral Swine Hunting.” News release, April 3, 2020.

NPS 2020 (Lott). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. News releases on the selection of Jason Lott as interim superintendent (January 21, 2020) and as superintendent (June 10, 2020).

NPS 2021. National Park Service. Ozark National Scenic Riverways Accessibility Self-Evaluation and Transition Plan. 2021.

NPS 2021 (off-road vehicles). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “ATVs and Off-Road Vehicles.” Park information, November 26, 2021.

NPS 2021 (Two Rivers). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Riverways to Celebrate the History of Two Rivers Junction.” News release, September 17, 2021.

NPS 2022 (Alley community). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Rediscover the History of the Alley Community.” News release, September 15, 2022.

NPS 2022 (concessions). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways Issues Two Concession Prospectuses.” News release, April 1, 2022.

NPS 2022 (cultural skills). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Enjoy Cultural Skills Demonstrations at Alley Spring in October.” News release, September 26, 2022.

NPS 2022 (economy). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Tourism to Ozark National Scenic Riverways Creates $73,856,000 in Economic Benefits.” News release, June 24, 2022.

NPS 2022 (restrooms). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Seven New Restroom Facilities to Be Installed at Ozark National Scenic Riverways.” News release, April 14, 2022.

NPS 2022 (river levels). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “River Levels and Weather.” Park information, May 24, 2022.

NPS 2022a. National Park Service. Ozark National Scenic Riverways Roads and Trails Management Plan Environmental Assessment. Revised March 2022.

NPS 2022b. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Changes to Recreation Fees.” News release, March 21, 2022.

NPS 2022c. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways Releases Final Roads and Trails Management Plan.” News release, April 18, 2022.

NPS 2023 (caves). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Cave/Karst Systems.” Park information, February 28, 2023.

NPS 2023 (contacts). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Contacts.” Park information (headquarters, ranger stations and stores), August 17, 2023.

NPS 2023 (economy). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Tourism to Ozark National Scenic Riverways Contributes $73,310,000 to Local Economy.” News release, August 21, 2023.

NPS 2023 (horsepower). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Modified Boat Horsepower Rule to Be Implemented in 2024.” News release, December 12, 2023.

NPS 2024. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Superintendent’s Compendium. Approved September 24, 2024.

NPS 2024 (caves and karst). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Caves and Karst.” Park information, June 27, 2024.

NPS 2024 (eclipse). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Thousands Enjoyed Eclipse along Ozark Riverways.” News release, April 12, 2024.

NPS 2024 (economy). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Tourism to Ozark National Scenic Riverways Contributes $76.8 Million to Local Economy.” News release, September 6, 2024.

NPS 2024 (fees). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Fees and Passes.” Park information, September 19, 2024.

NPS 2024 (float times). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Float Times.” Table of river miles and floating times between accesses, August 30, 2024.

NPS 2024 (flood). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways Experiences Historic Flooding.” News release, November 7, 2024.

NPS 2024 (hunting and fishing). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Hunting and Fishing.” Park information, September 6, 2024.

NPS 2024 (public lands). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark National Scenic Riverways Celebrates 100 Years of Public Lands along the Current River.” News release, 2024.

NPS 2024 (river safety). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “River and Hiking Safety.” Park information, January 30, 2024.

NPS 2024 (wild horses). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Wild Horses.” Park information, July 16, 2024.

NPS 2025 (campgrounds). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. “Ozark Riverways Implements Campground Changes for 2025 Season.” News release, March 21, 2025.

NPS 2025 (camping). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Camping Information.” Park information, November 14, 2025.

NPS 2025 (compendium). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. Superintendent’s Compendium. Fiscal year 2025 edition, as revised June 16, 2026.

NPS 2025 (fall and winter). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Fall/Winter Visitor Information.” Park information, December 2, 2025.

NPS 2025 (gravel-bar camping). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Gravel Bar Camping.” Park information, December 23, 2025.

NPS 2025 (horseback riding). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Horseback Riding.” Park information, December 2, 2025.

NPS 2025 (park regulations). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Park Regulations.” Park information, December 23, 2025.

NPS 2026 (backcountry). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Backcountry Campgrounds.” Park information, April 20, 2026.

NPS 2026 (campsite descriptions). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. Campground and campsite descriptions in the federal interagency reservation system, 2026.

NPS 2026 (floating). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Floating in the Ozarks.” Park information, August 21, 2026.

NPS 2026 (Jam Up). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Jam Up Cave.” Park information, April 20, 2026.

NPS 2026 (permits). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Permits and Reservations.” Park information (special use permits and commercial use authorizations), June 30, 2026.

NPS, “Alley Mill.” National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Alley Mill.” Park information, with the feature “Grand Setting… Alley Spring” by Cindy Von Halle, October 12, 2023.

NPS, Bachers Campground. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “Bachers Campground.” Park information, 2026.

NPS, “Civilian Conservation Corps.” National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren. “Civilian Conservation Corps.” Park history article.

NPS Morning Report 1993a. National Park Service, Ranger Activities Division, Washington. Morning Report, September 29, 1993. Item 93-740, “Ozark (Missouri) – Flooding,” filed September 27 by the park’s acting chief ranger.

NPS Morning Report 1993b. National Park Service, Ranger Activities Division, Washington. Morning Report, November 17, 1993. Item 93-806, “Ozark (Missouri) – Flooding,” filed November 16 from the park’s chief ranger’s office.

NPS Morning Report 1993c. National Park Service, Ranger Activities Division, Washington. Morning Report, November 18, 1993. Item 93-806, “Ozark (Missouri) – Follow-up on Flooding,” filed November 16 by the park’s superintendent.

NPS Morning Report 2002. National Park Service, Washington. Morning Report, May 13, 2002. Item 02-167, “Ozark NSR (MO) – Flooding,” filed May 10 by the park’s chief ranger.

NPS, “Park Establishment History.” National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren. “The Preservation of Two Wild and Scenic Ozark Rivers.” Park establishment history, undated.

NPS, “Rymers Ranch History.” Bulls, Becki, and Bill O’Donnell. “Rymers Ranch History.” National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. Park history, April 10, 2015.

NPS, speleothems (caves program). National Park Service, Cave and Karst Program. “Speleothems.” Program information, 2026.

NPS, speleothems (Great Basin). National Park Service, Great Basin National Park, Baker, Nev. “Speleothems (Cave Formations).” Park information, 2026.

NPS, speleothems (Ozark). National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Mo. “How Stalactites and Stalagmites Form.” Park information, 2026.

NRHP, Alley Spring 2023. National Register of Historic Places. Alley Spring State Park Historic District, Shannon County, Missouri. Registration form, reference number 100005717, listed August 2, 2023.

NRHP, Alley Spring Roller Mill 1981. National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. Alley Spring Roller Mill, Shannon County, Missouri, reference number 81000336, listed December 8, 1981.

NRHP, Culpepper-Pummil 1985. National Register of Historic Places Inventory–Nomination Form, “Culpepper-Pummil Site,” Shannon County, Missouri. National Park Service, 1985.

NRHP, Gooseneck 1989. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, “Gooseneck Site,” Carter County, Missouri. Prepared by Cathie Masters, National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1989.

NRHP, Old Eminence 1985. National Register of Historic Places Inventory–Nomination Form for Federal Properties, “Old Eminence Site,” Shannon County, Missouri. Prepared by Cathie Masters, National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, August 8, 1985.

NRHP, Owl’s Bend 1985. National Register of Historic Places Inventory–Nomination Form, “Owl’s Bend Site,” Shannon County, Missouri. National Park Service, 1985.

NRHP, Shawnee Creek 1989. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, “Shawnee Creek Site,” Shannon County, Missouri. National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1989. Listed 1990.

NRHP, Two Rivers 1991. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, “Two Rivers Site,” Shannon County, Missouri. Prepared by Cathie L. Masters, National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1991. Listed 1993.

Oakley 1970. Oakley, Gene. The History of Carter County. Van Buren, Mo.: J. G. Publications, 1970. Cited as quoted in Gibson 2000.

O’Brien 1939. O’Brien, Anna. “Place Names of Five Central Southern Counties of Missouri.” M.A. thesis, University of Missouri, 1939. Ramsay Place Names File, State Historical Society of Missouri, C2366. Pages are cited from a scan of the full thesis.

O’Brien 1996. O’Brien, Michael J. Paradigms of the Past: The Story of Missouri Archaeology. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.

O’Brien and Wood 1998. O’Brien, Michael J., and W. Raymond Wood. The Prehistory of Missouri. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1998.

Official Manual 2007–2008. Missouri Secretary of State. Official Manual, State of Missouri, 2007–2008. Jefferson City: Secretary of State, 2007. Section “Transportation.”

OR. U.S. War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 128 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. Cited by volume, part and page in Series I unless another series is given.

Osage News 2012. Osage News Staff. “Louis F. Burns, a tribute.” Osage News, August 7, 2012.

Ostmann 2018. Ostmann, Barbara Gibbs. “Bunker Hill Retreat Focuses on Life’s Simple Pleasures.” Missouri Life, July 19, 2018.

Outlaw 1998. Outlaw, Alex. Interview by Will Sarvis, April 1, 1998, Oregon County, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Ozark Riverways 1976. Ozark Riverways. Edited by Mildred E. Barnum. Mountain View, Mo.: Mountain View Investments, May 1976. Cited by the page of the scanned copy (PDF page = printed page + 1).

Palmer 1937. Palmer, Ernest J. “Benjamin Franklin Bush.” American Midland Naturalist 18, no. 3 (May 1937): i–vi. Cited as summarized in UNC Herbarium, “Benjamin Franklin Bush.”

Perry [1978]. Perry, Milton F. “Alley Spring Roller Mill.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory–Nomination Form for Federal Properties. National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, dated November 23, [1978].

Pottenger 1945. Pottenger, Cora Ann. “Place Names of Five Southern Border Counties of Missouri.” M.A. thesis, University of Missouri, 1945. Cited from its transcription in the Ramsay Place Names File, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C2366 (Howell County), by the page of that transcription.

Price 1992. Price, James E. Archeological Investigations of an Historic Shawnee-Delaware Occupation in the Vicinity of Alley Spring, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri. Lincoln, Neb.: National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1992. Cited as quoted in Zedeño and Basaldú 2003.

Price and Hastings 1999. Cave survey of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 1999, as summarized in Zedeño and Basaldú 2003, 13.

Price and others 1983. Price, James E., and others. Archaeological Investigations in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 1981–1982. Springfield: Southwest Missouri State University, Center for Archaeological Research, 1983. Cited as quoted in Zedeño and Basaldú 2003.

Price, Price and Saucier 1987. Price, James E., Cynthia R. Price and Roger Saucier. Archaeological Investigations in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 1984–1986. Springfield: Southwest Missouri State University, Center for Archaeological Research, for the National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1987. Chapter 4 (pp. 103–65), on the geomorphology of the valleys, is by Saucier.

Pritchard 2025. Pritchard, Jill. “Wrinkled, Rare, and Remarkable.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), August 2025.

Public Law 104-333. Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management Act of 1996, sec. 803 (Ozark National Scenic Riverways wild horses). November 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4093; 16 U.S.C. § 460m-6.

Public Law 88-492. An Act to provide for the establishment of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways in the State of Missouri, and for other purposes. Public Law 88-492, August 27, 1964, 78 Stat. 608.

Public Law 92-500. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Public Law 92-500, October 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816.

Putthoff 2013. Putthoff, Flip. Outdoors column on a Jacks Fork float from near Alley Spring. NWA Media (Northwest Arkansas), Outdoors section, July 11, 2013, 6.

Rader 2017. Rader, Benjamin G. Down on Mahans Creek: A History of an Ozarks Neighborhood. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2017. Cited by chapter (the Civil War on Mahans Creek is in chapter 4, “Like Coming Home Again”).

Rafferty 1985. Rafferty, Milton D. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985.

Ragsdale 2017. Ragsdale, John W., Jr. “The Ozark National Scenic Riverways and the Sagebrush Rebellion in Missouri.” The Urban Lawyer 49, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 1–65.

Randolph 1931. Randolph, Vance. The Ozarks: An American Survival of Primitive Society. New York: Vanguard Press, 1931. Reissued with an introduction by Robert Cochran, Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2017; pages cited from the 2017 electronic edition’s page markers.

Rayburn Papers. Otto Ernest Rayburn Papers, 1916–1960. Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville. Finding aid, biographical note.

Repetski, Loch and Ethington 1998. Repetski, John E., James D. Loch and Raymond L. Ethington. “Conodonts and Biostratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician Roubidoux Formation in and near the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Southeastern Missouri.” In National Park Service Paleontological Research, edited by Vincent L. Santucci and Lindsay McClelland, 109–115. Geologic Resources Division Technical Report NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-98/01, 1998.

Reynolds 1976. Reynolds, William J. Companion to Baptist Hymnal. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1976.

Richards 2003. Richards, Kevin. “A License to Fish.” Missouri Conservationist (Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City), August 2003.

Rikoon 2006. Rikoon, J. Sanford. “Wild Horses and the Political Ecology of Nature Restoration in the Missouri Ozarks.” Geoforum 37, no. 2 (2006): 200–211.

Rikoon and Albee 1998. Rikoon, J. Sanford, and Robin Albee. “‘Wild and Free, Leave ’em Be’: Wild Horses and the Struggle over Nature in the Missouri Ozarks.” Journal of Folklore Research 35, no. 3 (1998): 203–22.

Rochon 2010. Rochon, Bryon G. “Activity Involvement and Place Attachment of Fish Giggers in the Missouri Ozarks.” M.S. thesis, University of Missouri–Columbia, 2010.

Rollings 1992. Rollings, Willard H. The Osage: An Ethnohistorical Study of Hegemony on the Prairie-Plains. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1992. Cited as quoted in Zedeño and Basaldú 2003.

Rowe 2008. Rowe, Vearl, comp. Texas County Post Office Records Index. Compiled from microfilmed records of the U.S. Postal Archives. Texas County, Missouri, genealogy project (Rhonda Darnell), 2007–2008.

RSMo 194.410. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 194.410, “Human burial sites — knowingly disturb, penalty.”

RSMo 306.100. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 306.100, equipment required on vessels and watercraft, personal flotation devices (A.L. 2018 H.B. 2116, effective August 28, 2018).

RSMo 306.220. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 306.220, personal flotation devices for children under seven (L. 1989 S.B. 135).

RSMo 306.325. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 306.325, “Vessels on navigable waterways, restrictions on transporting of foodstuffs and beverages — violation, penalty” (L. 2004 H.B. 841, effective August 28, 2004).

RSMo 569.135. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 569.135, “Unlawfully entering or defacing a cave or cavern” (L. 1980 H.B. 1192; transferred 2014 from 578.210; effective January 1, 2017).

RSMo 569.137. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 569.137, “Polluting cave or subsurface waters.”

RSMo 577.001. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 577.001, definitions for chapter 577 (“operate a vessel”), effective August 28, 2020.

RSMo 577.013. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 577.013, boating while intoxicated (effective August 28, 2016).

RSMo 577.014. Revised Statutes of Missouri, section 577.014, boating with excessive blood alcohol content (effective August 28, 2016).

Ruedemann 1946. Ruedemann, Rudolf. “Biographical Memoir of Edward Oscar Ulrich, 1857–1944.” National Academy of Sciences, Biographical Memoirs 24, seventh memoir. Washington, D.C., 1946.

San Diego Natural History Museum Herbarium. San Diego Natural History Museum, Botany Department, San Diego, California (SD). Specimen record SD00091314.

Sarvis 2000. Sarvis, Will. “Old Eminent Domain and New Scenic Easements: Land Acquisition for the Ozark National Scenic Riverways.” Western Legal History 13, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 1–37. Cited as quoted in Ragsdale 2017 and Blevins 2021.

Sauer 1920. Sauer, Carl O. The Geography of the Ozark Highland of Missouri. Geographic Society of Chicago Bulletin 7. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1920.

Schaper 2018. Schaper, Jo. “Directions to the Major Springs on the Scenic Rivers.” Typescript, June 2018.

Schaper, “Big Spring.” Schaper, Jo. “Big Spring.” Typescript essay, undated (after 1993).

Schaper n.d. Schaper, Jo. “Giraffes in the Ozarks.” Typescript, undated.

SEMA, flood safety. Missouri State Emergency Management Agency, Jefferson City. “Flooding” (Plan and Prepare), flood-safety guidance, about 2025.

Senate Report 104-312. U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Free-Roaming Horses in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. S. Rep. No. 104-312, 104th Cong., 2nd sess., to accompany H.R. 238. June 28, 1996.

Shannon County cemetery readings. Shannon County MOGenWeb (USGenWeb Project), county coordinators. Gravestone readings of the Alley Spring (updated 2011), Chilton, Culpepper (revised 2012) and Old Eminence cemeteries, Shannon County, Missouri; the Chilton, Culpepper and Old Eminence readings originally submitted by Johny W. Sconce. Notes of parentage and marriage are the compilers’, not the stones’.

Shannon County Sheriff 2026. Shannon County, Missouri, Sheriff’s Office, Eminence. Office information (emergency and non-emergency numbers), October 2026.

Sheeley 2024. Sheeley, Andrew. “Searching for Missouri’s Lost Silver Mine.” Missouri Resources (Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City), December 1, 2024.

SHSMO R987. State Historical Society of Missouri, Rolla. Collection R987, First Baptist Church (Mountain View, Mo.), Centennial History, 1975. One folder; cited from the collection’s description.

Smith 1998. Smith, James D. Interview by Will Sarvis, April 3, 1998, Cross Country Trail Ride Arena, Eminence, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Smith, Swanson and Leis 2008. Smith, Angela, Dan Swanson and Sherry Leis. The Fire Ecology of Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Natural Resource Report NPS/HTLN/NRR—2008/031. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, 2008.

Society of Ozarkian Hillcrofters, “Our History.” Society of Ozarkian Hillcrofters, Springfield, Mo. “Our History.” Society history, including the list of original members.

Southeast Missourian 2014. “Explore Missouri’s ‘Alphabet Soup’ Back Roads.” Photographs by James Baughn. Southeast Missourian (Cape Girardeau), April 17, 2014.

Sports Illustrated 1963. “Not So Gently Down the Stream.” Sports Illustrated, April 29, 1963. No byline shown; a float on the Current from Akers to Round Spring.

St. Louis Public Radio 2015. Duffy, Robert W. “Leo Drey Obituary: A Legend in Forest Management and Philanthropy.” St. Louis Public Radio, May 27, 2015.

State v. Renfrow 1892. State v. Renfrow, 111 Mo. 589, 20 S.W. 299 (Mo. 1892). Supreme Court of Missouri, opinion by Macfarlane, J., decided October 10, 1892.

Stauffer 2002. Stauffer, Dick. “The Sound of Wood on Water.” Missouri Conservationist 63, no. 2 (February 2002). Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.

Steed 2013. Steed, Bud. Ozarks Ghosts and Hauntings. America’s Ghosts, vol. 1. Steed Media, 2013; e-book edition, 2015. The chapter on Alley Spring Mill.

Steen 1998. Steen, Ron. Interview by Will Sarvis, May 19, 1998, Reynolds County, Missouri. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Sternberg Museum of Natural History. Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, fish collection (FHSM). Specimen records FHSM 9991–10003.

Stevens 1991. Stevens, Donald L., Jr. A Homeland and a Hinterland: The Current and Jacks Fork Riverways. Historic Resource Study, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Omaha: National Park Service, 1991.

St. Louis Public Radio 2012. “Bat Disease Confirmed in Missouri, Likely to Spread.” St. Louis Public Radio, April 2, 2012.

Steyermark 1963. Steyermark, Julian A. Flora of Missouri. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1963.

Sullivan 1998. Sullivan, Arthur L. Interview by Will Sarvis, July 15, 1998, by telephone to Rock Hill, South Carolina. Superintendent, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 1976–95. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Supreme Court of Missouri, “Judge Sidna Poage Dalton.” Supreme Court of Missouri, Jefferson City. Biography of Judge Sidna Poage Dalton (1892–1965), in the court’s series of biographies of its former judges.

Swallow 1855. Swallow, G. C. The First and Second Annual Reports of the Geological Survey of Missouri. Jefferson City, 1855. Cited as quoted in Jacobson and Primm 1997.

Tap Line Cases 1914. The Tap Line Cases, 234 U.S. 1 (1914). Decided May 25, 1914.

Texas County Sheriff 2026. Texas County, Missouri, Sheriff’s Office, Houston. Office information (address and telephone), October 2026.

Thomas 2014. Thomas, Erin M. “Changes in and Factors Influencing Experience Use History over the Past Twenty-Four Years at the Ozark National Scenic Riverways.” M.S. thesis, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2014.

Thompson 1998. Thompson, David D. Interview by Will Sarvis, July 20, 1998, by telephone to New Mexico. Superintendent, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 1967–70. Transcript. Missouri Environment Oral History Project, Oral History Program, State Historical Society of Missouri, collection C3966.

Thomson 1990. Thomson, Kenneth C., comp. 1990, The Year of the Caves. Missouri Speleology 30, nos. 3–4 (July–December 1990).

Thornberry-Ehrlich 2016. Thornberry-Ehrlich, Trista L. Ozark National Scenic Riverways: Geologic Resources Inventory Report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR-2016/1307. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, 2016.

Turner 2014. Turner, Andy. “Fish Gigging: An Ozark Tradition.” Photographs by David Stonner. Missouri Conservationist 75, no. 9 (September 2014): 10–15. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.

UNC Herbarium, “Benjamin Franklin Bush.” University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill. “Benjamin Franklin Bush (21 December 1858 – 14 February 1937),” in its biographies of the collectors represented in the herbarium, after Palmer 1937.

United States v. Williams, 1975–76. United States v. Williams, unreported decisions (E.D. Mo. 1975, 1976), as described in Ragsdale 2017.

University of Alabama Press, “Louis F. Burns.” University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. Author information, “Louis F. Burns,” 2026.

University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Mollusk Division (UMMZ). Specimen records, cited by catalog number.

University of Missouri Herbarium. Dunn-Palmer Herbarium, University of Missouri, Columbia (UMO). Specimen records, cited by catalog number, with the collector, date and locality as written on the label.

University of Oklahoma, “Absentee Shawnee.” University of Oklahoma Libraries, Western History Collections, Norman. “Absentee Shawnee.” In Exiled to Indian Country, exhibit, 2026.

USFWS 2020. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report for the Ozark Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi). Version 1.0. March 2, 2020.

USFWS 2025. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Missouri Ecological Services Field Office. Ozark Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) 5-Year Review. September 2025.

U.S. Mint 2017. United States Mint. “United States Mint to Launch Quarter Honoring Ozark National Scenic Riverways on June 5.” News release, 2017. The Ozark National Scenic Riverways quarter, America the Beautiful Quarters Program (designer Ron Sanders), launched June 5, 2017, at Alley Spring and Mill.

U.S. Census Bureau, Geocoder. U.S. Census Bureau. Census Geocoder, geographies by coordinates (county subdivisions), 2026.

U.S. Census Bureau, TIGER/Line 2024. U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. TIGER/Line Shapefiles, 2024: All Roads, Howell County and Texas County, Missouri.

USDA Forest Service, “Archaeology and Cultural Resources.” USDA Forest Service, Mark Twain National Forest, Rolla, Mo. “Archaeology and Cultural Resources.” Forest information, 2026.

USDA Forest Service, “Stop 9 Panorama.” USDA Forest Service, Mark Twain National Forest, Rolla, Mo. “Stop 9 Panorama.” Forest information, 2026.

U.S. Department of the Interior 2014. U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs. Statement on H.R. 4029 before the House Subcommittee on Public Lands and Environmental Regulation, June 10, 2014.

USGS 1917 (Eminence). U.S. Geological Survey. Eminence, Missouri. 15-minute topographic quadrangle, 1917.

USGS 1948 (Clear Springs). U.S. Geological Survey. Clear Springs, Missouri. 15-minute topographic quadrangle, 1948.

USGS 1948 (Summersville). U.S. Geological Survey. Summersville, Missouri. 15-minute topographic quadrangle, 1948.

USGS 1968 (Jam Up Cave). U.S. Geological Survey. Jam Up Cave, Missouri. 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle, 1968.

USGS 2025. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program. “White-Nose Syndrome and Bat Health: 2025 Year in Review.” Program summary.

USGS, “Color and Water.” U.S. Geological Survey, Water Science School. “Color and Water.” Water Science School article, 2026.

USGS Geolex. U.S. Geological Survey, National Geologic Map Database. Geolex (geologic names lexicon) entries “Eminence,” “Gasconade,” “Gunter,” “Jefferson City,” “Potosi” and “Roubidoux,” 2026.

USGS, Geologic Time. U.S. Geological Survey. “Radiometric Time Scale.” In Geologic Time. USGS General Interest Publication (1988; text revised 1997).

USGS GNIS. U.S. Geological Survey. Geographic Names Information System, 2026.

USGS NHD. U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset, flowlines for the Jacks Fork basin, 2026.

USGS NWIS. U.S. Geological Survey. National Water Information System records for gauges 07065200 (Jacks Fork near Mountain View), 07065495 (Jacks Fork at Alley Spring) and 07066000 (Jacks Fork at Eminence), Missouri: site information, daily values and daily, monthly and annual statistics, 2026.

USGS, station 07065160. U.S. Geological Survey. Station 07065160, North Prong Jacks Fork below Arroll, Mo. Station record, 2026.

USGS, station 07065180. U.S. Geological Survey. Station 07065180, Jacks Fork above VFW Campground, Mo. Station record (one water sample, July 9, 1974), 2026.

U.S. House 2014 (H. Rept. 113-594). U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Natural Resources. Ozark National Scenic Riverways Protection Act. H. Rept. 113-594 (2014).

Vana-Miller 2007. Vana-Miller, David L. Water Resources Foundation Report, Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRWRD/NRR—2007/363. Fort Collins, Colo.: National Park Service, April 2007.

Vineyard and Feder 1982. Vineyard, Jerry D., and Gerald L. Feder. Springs of Missouri. Revised edition. Water Resources Report 29. Rolla: Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Missouri Department of Conservation, 1982. First published 1974. With “Fauna of Missouri Springs” by William L. Pflieger and “Flora of Missouri Ozark Springs” by Robert G. Lipscomb.

Vineyard and others 1957. Vineyard, Jerry, D’Jeanne Stevens, Bonnie L. Wills and John W. Koenig, comps. Catalogue of the Caves of Missouri. Missouri Division of Geological Survey and Water Resources, Miscellaneous Publication 13. Rolla, 1957.

Vineyard obituary 2017. Obituary of Jerry D. Vineyard (March 26, 1935–March 31, 2017). Adams Funeral Home and Crematory, Ozark, Missouri, 2017.

Washington University Law Quarterly 1955. “Real Property—Public Fishing Rights in Floatable Stream: Elder v. Delcour, 269 S.W.2d 17 (Mo. 1954).” Case comment. Washington University Law Quarterly 1955, no. 1.

Waters, Stafford and Carlson 2020. Waters, Michael R., Thomas W. Stafford Jr., and David L. Carlson. “The Age of Clovis—13,050 to 12,750 cal yr B.P.” Science Advances 6, no. 43 (2020): eaaz0455.

Weary and others 2013. Weary, David J., Randall C. Orndorff and John E. Repetski. Geologic Map of the Jam Up Cave and Pine Crest Quadrangles, Shannon, Texas, and Howell Counties, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3248, 2013, with GIS data and metadata.

Weary and others 2014. Weary, David J., Richard W. Harrison, Randall C. Orndorff, Robert E. Weems, J. Stephen Schindler, John E. Repetski and Herbert A. Pierce. Bedrock Geologic Map of the Spring Valley, West Plains, and Parts of the Piedmont and Poplar Bluff 30′ × 60′ Quadrangles, Missouri, Including the Upper Current River and Eleven Point River Drainage Basins. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3280, 2 sheets and pamphlet, 2014, with GIS data.

Weaver 2008. Weaver, H. Dwight. Missouri Caves in History and Legend. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2008.

Weaver [n.d.]. Weaver, H. Dwight. “Missouri Caves in History and Legend.” Talk in the Missouri State Archives presentation series, Jefferson City. Transcript, Missouri State Archives, Office of the Secretary of State. Undated.

Wehmer 2024. Wehmer, Lou. “Buck Hollow.” Howell County News, April 3, 2024.

Westhoff and Paukert 2014. Westhoff, Jacob T., and Craig P. Paukert. “Climate Change Simulations Predict Altered Biotic Response in a Thermally Heterogeneous Stream System.” PLoS ONE 9, no. 10 (2014): e111438.

Westhoff, Laszlo and Huggins 2026. Westhoff, Jacob T., Ava M. Laszlo and Billy J. Huggins. Inventory of Freshwater Mussels at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 2023–2024. Science Report NPS/SR—2026/432. National Park Service, 2026.

Whitaker 2025. Whitaker, Lonnie. “Jacks Fork Memories and a Treasure Trove.” Howell County News, March 25, 2025.

Whitledge and Rabeni 2000. Whitledge, Gregory W., and Charles F. Rabeni. “Benthic Community Metabolism in Three Habitats in an Ozark Stream.” Hydrobiologia 437 (2000): 165–70.

Wilkerson 2001. Wilkerson, Thomas F., Jr. Jacks Fork Watershed Inventory and Assessment. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2001.

Wilkins v. Lujan, 1993. Wilkins v. Lujan, 798 F. Supp. 557 (E.D. Mo. 1992), rev’d 995 F.2d 850 (8th Cir. 1993).

Wilson 2001. Wilson, Gary Lee. Streamflow Information for the Jacks Fork and Current River in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, South-Central Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 092-01. Rolla, Mo.: U.S. Geological Survey, September 2001.

Windy’s Floats 2026. Windy’s Floats, Eminence, Mo. “Jacks Fork River Floats.” Outfitter’s published float information, 2026.

Wohleber 2011. Wohleber, Curt. “Sucker Gigging: A 200-Year-Old Ozark Tradition Endures.” News release, University of Missouri Extension, Columbia, December 19, 2011. Datelined Eminence.

Wolferman 1997. Wolferman, Kristie C. The Osage in Missouri. Missouri Heritage Readers. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997.

Wood and McMillan 1976. Wood, W. Raymond, and R. Bruce McMillan, eds. Prehistoric Man and His Environments: A Case Study in the Ozark Highland. New York: Academic Press, 1976.

Xiao and Zhang 2021. Xiao, Xianxuan, and Qiang Zhang. “Physical and Analytical Modeling of Rhythmic Karst Springs.” Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 83, no. 3 (2021): 109–19.

Zedeño and Basaldú 2003. Zedeño, María Nieves, and Robert Christopher Basaldú. Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri: Cultural Affiliation Study. Tucson: University of Arizona, for the National Park Service, Midwest Region, 2003.